See -ως on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Beekes states that this common adverbial suffix cannot be demonstrated to go back to the Proto-Indo-European era.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ōs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ω",
"roman": "-ō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ως • (-ōs)",
"name": "grc-adverb"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ἄξιος (áxios, “worthy”) + -ως (-ōs) → ἀξίως (axíōs, “worthily”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs"
],
"id": "en--ως-grc-suffix-vrPAC-iI",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "-ως"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ōs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-οῦς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ -ώς",
"roman": "hē -ṓs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς -οῦς",
"roman": "tês -oûs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ -οῖ",
"roman": "tēî -oî",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν -ῶ",
"roman": "tḕn -ô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ός",
"roman": "-ós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ω",
"roman": "-ō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-οῦς",
"2": "m",
"3": "third",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ως • (-ōs) m or f (genitive -οῦς); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ώς",
"2": "-οῦς",
"form": "FS"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ēṓs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἠώς"
},
{
"roman": "aidṓs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αἰδώς"
},
{
"roman": "gélōs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γέλως"
},
{
"roman": "hidrṓs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἱδρώς"
},
{
"roman": "aiô",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αἰῶ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action."
],
"id": "en--ως-grc-suffix-LojPsGMT",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action."
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "-ως"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adverb-forming suffixes",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek feminine suffixes",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek masculine suffixes",
"Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes",
"Ancient Greek suffixes",
"Ancient Greek suffixes with multiple genders",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek unaccented terms",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Beekes states that this common adverbial suffix cannot be demonstrated to go back to the Proto-Indo-European era.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ōs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ω",
"roman": "-ō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ως • (-ōs)",
"name": "grc-adverb"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ἄξιος (áxios, “worthy”) + -ως (-ōs) → ἀξίως (axíōs, “worthily”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "-ως"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek feminine suffixes",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek masculine suffixes",
"Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes",
"Ancient Greek suffixes",
"Ancient Greek suffixes with multiple genders",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek unaccented terms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ēṓs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἠώς"
},
{
"roman": "aidṓs",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αἰδώς"
},
{
"roman": "gélōs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γέλως"
},
{
"roman": "hidrṓs",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἱδρώς"
},
{
"roman": "aiô",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αἰῶ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ōs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-οῦς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ -ώς",
"roman": "hē -ṓs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς -οῦς",
"roman": "tês -oûs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ -οῖ",
"roman": "tēî -oî",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν -ῶ",
"roman": "tḕn -ô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ός",
"roman": "-ós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ω",
"roman": "-ō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-οῦς",
"2": "m",
"3": "third",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ως • (-ōs) m or f (genitive -οῦς); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ώς",
"2": "-οῦς",
"form": "FS"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action."
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔːs/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "-ως"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ως meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.